Introduction: Long-term clinical evaluation of dental implants and their surrounding structures is of utmost importance to acquire knowledge about reasons for implant success and failure.However, accurate and reproducible results are difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to examine bone height around endosseous implants on DIGITAL conventional radiographs (DCR) and direct DIGITAL subtraction images (DSI) prior to loading.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, bone height around 10 implants in 6 patients was assessed by 2 observers. Standardized DIGITAL radiographs were obtained just a week and 3 months postoperatively and subtracted by means of EMAGO software. Then the observers evaluated bone height on DCRs and DSIs. MINITAB software and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: Comparative evaluation of bone height indicated significantly higher values on DCR than on DSI (p value=0.002). The observers also had statistically significant variability in this assessment (p value=0.00003).Conclusion: DSI demonstrated lower values of linear measurement of bone height around endosseous implants compared with DCR. Interobserver variability should be considered when comparing values from follow-up studies.

Quine selects the scope of prediction and test of research in. In ' evidence' chapter he says that the forming of the critical systems starts with the stimulus of the senses, which gives us, the observation sentences. The observation categoricals are deduced from them. Tests are on the basis of these categoricals. He says he does not believe in the Cartesian scientific certainty, and then mentions his' theory of naturalized Epistemology' as an alternative way

Computers might be used in crimes. They may also contain some EVIDENCES which prove a crime or be used in committing crimes. Therefore, these electronic equipments include valuable EVIDENCES for crime detection. In this article it is attempted to realize the importance of dealing with these kind of EVIDENCES without any major damage to them and how to answer the law enforcement officers in this regard.

Background & Aim: The majority of carious lesions are not well-defined radiolucencies. Approximately 40% demineralization is required for radiographic detection of a lesion. The actual depth of penetration of carious lesion is deeper than may be detected radiographically. However, DIGITAL subtraction images permit to detect 1-5% decrease of mineral mass per unit volume. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of DIGITAL subtraction radiography in the detection of dental demineralization in vitro.Methods & Materials: This study was based on observational-diagnostic method which was done on 30 extracted human teeth, categorized in two groups A and B, each having 15 members. In each of teeth, one approximal enamel demineralization lesion was induced using an acidified system (PH=4.8). Direct DIGITAL radiography were obtained under standardized condition of teeth before demineralization. After 7 days, the teeth of group B and after 42 days, group A removed from acid and new radiographs were taken. The images of the 7th and 42nd days were subtracted from the baseline radiograph (before creation of the lesion). Then teeth were histologically evaluated. Direct DIGITAL and subtraction images were interpreted by three observers to detect presence or absence of the lesion, then the diagnostic accuracy of both methods was determined.Results: After 7 days, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for incipient lesions in direct DIGITAL radiography were 0%, 80%, 40%, 0% and 44% respectively and in DIGITAL subtraction radiography were 66.7%, 86.7%, 76.7%, 83.4% and 72.3% respectively. However after 42 days the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both methods were 100%.Conclusion: DIGITAL subtraction radiography has a fairly acceptable accuracy in detection ofthe incipient proximal lesions in comparison with DDR. For moderate proximal lesions DSR has the same accuracy as DDR.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of DIGITAL televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion and frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance and current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG and CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching and CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS and CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG and CS tansistors have symmetrical currents and loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology and covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB and the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.

Among sources for deduction of Islamic law, Quran, due to its immunity and definite authenticity, has a central and more important role than other sources and in addition to different doctrinal, liturgical, ethical and political matters a considerable attention has been paid to legal matters including the matter of civil responsibility. Among different matters of civil responsibility referred to in the Quran some verses provide a number of bases and EVIDENCES in the area responsibility among which prohibition of oppression, prohibition of causing loss to others, prohibition of taking possession of others unlawfully and the necessity of respecting physical, financial and spiritual rights of people can be considered Quranic bases of civil responsibility.

Investigation of the morphological EVIDENCES on the quaternary glacial of Iran has been of interest to many researches. However, the origin of such studies can be attributed to Domorgan (1890) and Bobek (1955). In the same vein, over the past ten years, Iranian researchers have conducted deeper studies on the changes in the climatic conditions of Iran in the quaternary. The analysis of the obtained climatic data currently registered in Iran, on one hand, and the existence of locations with remarkable differences in terms of temperature with adjacent regions, on the other, have attracted the attention of geomorphologists to such areas, as well as to their distribution in Iran. It is evident that, by focusing on the estimated environmental temperature, one can guess that these areas have also had greater temperature characteristics during the cold periods in the past relative to their adjacent regions. The regions which show greater temperature than their adjacent areas are called cold troughs. If the annual temperature of these cold troughs is less than 5°C and their surfaces are flat, then we can formulate a hypothesis for the existence of ice capes. This paper aimed at identifying the cold troughs in Iran and investigating their geomorphic characteristics in order to find EVIDENCES on the possibility of the existence of previous ice caps in these areas. The results revealed, for the first time, the presence of ice caps evidence over Namdan Plain.      

Background and Aim: DIGITAL subtraction Radiography (DSR) is a method of accurate assessing condylar head changes. several studies have been carried out in applying DSR in dentistry, however there is a few number of studies in efficacy of DSR method in assessment of condylar head changes, The aim of this study was to compare panoramic radiography and DSR detecting simulated lesions of the mandibular condyl.Materials and Methods: this was a process research study, in which two dry human skulls with no obvious temporomandibular joint pathology were used. Osteophytic lesions were simulated using three sizes of bone chips that were placed on the medial portion of anterior and superolateral aspects of the condyle. Osteolytic lesions were simulated making 1 and 2 mm holes using round burr in the central portion of anterior aspect and Lateral pole of the condyle. Panoramic radiographs were prepared with and without the lesions in place. These paired radiographs were digitized and DIGITAL- subtraction images of the original panoramic images were obtained. Eight observers evaluated 155 images of each modality for the presence or absence and the type of simulated lesions of the mandibular condyle. Sensitivity, specificity, reliability and measure of agreement were analyzed using kappa test and crossed tables and qualitative variables were assess by chi-square and fisher’s Exact test.Results: Specificity of panoramic and DSR methods were 15.4% and 66.7% respectively. Sensitivity of panoramic and DSR methods were 61.1% and 80.6% for osteophytic lesions and 37.5% and 83.3% for Osteolytic lesions. The percentage of correct decisions made in DSR method was significantly more than conventional panoramic method (82.6%vs 41.9%) (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study DIGITAL subtraction technique was significantly more accurate than the panoramic radiographs in detection of simulated lesions of the mandibular condyle.

The commentary on Kasbfol-Asrar Va'datol-Abrar, better known as Khajeh Abdollah Anssari's Commentary is the most eloquent gnostic commentary which has the attractive robe of the Persian Literature on its body. This commentary which was composed in the style of the common commentators is a memorial from the beginning of the sixth lunar century (520 of Hejira). One of the stylistic characteristics of this commentary which doubles its sweetness is its reference to the beautiful and subtle Arabic and Persian poetry. This commentary contains about eight hundred distiches of Arabic poems appropriate with the situation and discourse, which can be analyzed under the categories of syntax, word, reading, eloquency, religion, literature, history, and... Writer of this article with his insignificant capability has managed to translate and explain the sources and documentations of the poetical syntactic EVIDENCES in Kashfol-Asrar, and God willing, he hopes that in the future issues he would be able to present the remaining categories to the dear learned readers. In conclusion the writer hopes that erudite readers would kindly neglect any error and fault which they observe.